The main purpose of this review paper is to explore the recent advancements in cartilage regeneration techniques, focusing on stem cell therapy, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), gene therapy, and growth factor delivery. The research question addresses how these biological therapies can overcome the current limitations in cartilage repair and enhance clinical outcomes.
The review conducted an extensive literature search using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The methodologies of the included studies were critically analyzed to assess their effectiveness and limitations.
The findings indicate that stem cell therapy, particularly using mesenchymal stem cells, shows promise in enhancing cartilage repair through their differentiation potential and paracrine effects. PRP has been found to improve joint function and reduce pain, especially when combined with hyaluronic acid or stem cells. Gene therapy utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 technology presents a novel approach for precise gene modification, potentially improving cartilage repair mechanisms. Growth factor delivery systems, including hydrogels, have demonstrated the ability to enhance chondrogenesis and tissue regeneration.
Keywords: Cartilage Regeneration, Stem Cell Therapy, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), Biomaterials, Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), Orthopedic Innovations
